ISSN 0798 1015

Vol. 40(Issue 43) Year 2019. Page 26

Assessment and prospectives of efficient energy consumption in the western energy region of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Evaluación y perspectivas del consumo eficiente de energía en la región occidental de energía de la República de Sakha (Yakutia)

ELYAKOVA, Izabella D. 1; ELYAKOVA, Alexandr L. 2; PAKHOMOV, Alexandr A. 3; FEDOROVA, Ekaterina Y. 4 & DARBASOV, Vasily R. 5

Received: 06/09/2019 • Approved: 16/12/2019 • Published 20/12/2019

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Methodology

3. Results and discussion

4. Conclusions

Bibliographic references

1. Introduction

In order to define the Energy Strategy of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the period up to 2050, it is necessary to formulate the conditions for the development of the republic’s fuel and energy complex and balance to the development of alternative and renewable energy in the WEZ, which can have a significant impact on economic, social and cultural processes in the republic. Until now, no relevant studies of the production and consumption of fuel and energy resources has been conducted with regard to development of renewable types of energy to draw up a prospective fuel and energy balance of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

In our study, the following analytical materials were used: The following analytical materials are used in our study: Energy Strategy of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the period up to 2030 (Petrov, 2005), Scheme for the integrated development of productive forces, transport and energy of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) up to 2020 (The Scheme for Integrated Development, 2006 ),  Fuel and energy balance of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Part. 1 (Petrov ,2005), Scheme and program for the development of the electric power industry of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for 2017-2021 (The Scheme and Program for the Development), General Layout of Power Facilities Layout of Power Facilities(General Plan for Energy Facilities, 2017),  Annual Reports of PJSC Yakutskenergo for 2011-2016, Annual Reports of Sakhaenergo JSC for 2011-2016, Official materials of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Official materials of the Ministry of Industry and Geology of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), official materials of the state Committee on Pricing Policy of the Republics of Sakha (Yakutia), Scheme and Development Program of Development of the Energy Industry of the Republics of Sakha (Yakutia) 2017-2021,the Russian statistical yearbook data Rosstat etc.

The object of study is the natural resource potential, mining and processing industry in the WEZ. The purpose of the study is to:

• present an analysis of existing general and specific problems of power supply in the context of the zones of the WEZ;

• give scientifically based proposals and recommendations for the efficient consumption and production of electricity in the region’s WEZ.

According to the goal, the following tasks were developed: to conduct a retrospective analysis of the consumption and production of fuel and energy resources in the context of settlements in the regions of the WEZ; evaluate the existing general and specific problems of power supply in the context of the zones of the WEZ; to develop relevant proposals and recommendations for the efficient consumption and production of fuel and energy resources in the areas of the Western economic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

2. Methodology

The problem of conditions for effective long-term energy supply is not new for studying the world economy. For example, the problem of the efficiency of electric heating and the development of renewable energy sources of energy were central to previous studies by Elyakov, Koryagin, Pakhomov et al. (Elyakova and Koryagina, 2015; Elyakova et al., 2016; Petrov et al., 2010). This question is also presented in the studies of Mugway and Mortazavi - they consider the balance between demand and supply of energy, to be one of the problems facing politicians; In accordance with their study, the main goal of energy planning is to achieve a balance and energy model that can be used for supply and demand for the future planning of a country or region (Mougouei and Mortazavi, 2017); Nnaemeka and Boo - their article examines the point of view of effective energy management with demand-side strategic energy savings and the resource potential of renewable energy in Nigeria to ensure sustainable development (Nnaemeka and Boo, 2015); Kinoshita - It has been found that households reduce electricity consumption if their monthly electricity tariffs increase, and if they recognize the possibility of interruptions that can be effective in order to announce the possibility of interruptions or instability in the supply of households as a push (Kinoshita, 2017).

The research uses the following scientific methods: general scientific methods (systematic and historical method, analysis and synthesis method); specific scientific methods (research method, problem-chronological method); theoretical methods with subsequent analysis and generalization of results (statistical, observational and comparison, balance and empirical methods).

Statistical collections of the Russian Federation (2000–2016), analytical and static reports of municipal districts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (2000–2016), and the reports of PJSC Yakutskenergo and Sakhaenergo OJSC were used as information database for the development of fuel and energy balance.

3. Results and discussion

All seven regions of the Western economic zone are included in the Western energy district, which consists of the industrial Mirny and Lensky regions, the Vilyui and Olekminsky agricultural regions are combined.

Until 2014, the Western energy district worked in isolation from other energy regions of the republic. In 2014, with the construction and commissioning of VL-220 kV Olekminsk- N. Kuranakh  designed to supply electricity to ESPO consumers, the West Yakutian and South Yakutian energy districts (UES of the East) were electrically connected. Thus, the Western energy district has an electrical connection with the South Yakutian energy region and the UES of the East via a 220 kV transmission line.

The main source of power supply to consumers in the Western energy district is the Cascade of Vilyui HPP-1.2 of PJSC Yakutskenergo with an installed capacity of 680 MWh, Svetlinskaya HPP (OJSC Vilyuiskaya HPP-3), ALROSA PJSC. (Elyakova, 2015).  99.9% of consumers are covered by centralized power supply in the WEZ, and only 0.1% of Olekminsky district consumers receive electricity from decentralized energy sources (Elyakova et al., 2018).

The western energy district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) includes a centralized (99.5%) and decentralized energy supply zone (0.5% to the settlements of Olekminsky district). Electricity supply to consumers from centralized sources (especially from hydroelectric power stations), when supplying electricity to a single grid of the power system, is considered the most reliable and efficient power supply system.

Currently, the largest consumers of electricity in the WEZ are enterprises operating in mining (57%), transport and communications 9.3%), production and distribution of electricity (7.7%) and the population (14%). The Western energy district has the highest energy consumption in Mirny district. Electricity consumption by major consumer groups in the settlements of the Western energy district is presented in table 1, the structure of electricity consumption is in table 2.

Table 1
Electricity consumption by main consumer groups in the settlements
of the Western energy district for 2000–2016, million kWh.

Compiled by the authors based on data of PJSC Yakutskenergo
(Annual reports of PJSC "Yakutskenergo" for 2011 -2016).  

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Table 2
Power consumption structure by main consumer
groups of WEZ for 2000–2016, mln kWh

Compiled by the authors based on data of PJSC Yakutskenergo
(Annual reports of PJSC "Yakutskenergo" for 2011 -2016)

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Table 3
Electricity consumption by consumer groups
in the Lensky district for 2012-2016

Source: Summary data compiled by the authors on the basis of information from
PJSC Yakutskenergo.(Annual reports of PJSC "Yakutskenergo" for 2011 -2016)

The largest consumers in the WEZ are AK ALROSA (PJSC), Transneftenergo LLC and Teploenergoservice JSC (Vilyui branch), which are shown in table 4.

Table 4
Energy consumption in the
WEZ in 2012 and 2016.

Compiled by the authors based on data of PJSC Yakutskenergo
(Annual reports of PJSC "Yakutskenergo" for 2011 -2016)

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Table 5
Electricity consumption by consumer groups
in the Lensky district for 2012-2016

Source: Summary data compiled by the authors on the basis of information from
PJSC Yakutskenergo.(Annual reports of PJSC "Yakutskenergo" for 2011 -2016)

An analysis of the dynamics of the power consumption structure from PJSC Yakutskenergo and Vilyui HES-3 of ALROSA PJSC for WEZ for individual consumer groups in particular shows a significant increase in total consumption (by 50%), due to housing and communal services enterprises (by 50%), population (by 26%). At the same time consumption of other industrial consumers remained at the same level, while for budgetary consumers there was a decrease in consumption by 12%. During the study period, the average electricity tariffs in the region as a whole increased by 9%, including the largest growth (by 77 and 82%) observed for housing and communal services enterprises and budget organizations and for other consumers (by 48%). Growth rates were lower for the population (by 14%). Electricity consumption in the whole of the WEZ and by district, including the main consumer groups for 2000–2016, million kWh is presented in table 6.

Table 6
Electricity consumption in the WEZ by regions, including
the main consumer groups in 2000–2016, million kWh.

Compiled by the authors based on data of PJSC Yakutskenergo
(Annual reports of PJSC "Yakutskenergo" for 2011 -2016)

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Table 7
Electricity consumption by consumer
groups in Mirny district for 2012-2016

Compiled by the authors based on data of PJSC Yakutskenergo
(Annual reports of PJSC "Yakutskenergo" for 2011 -2016).

The largest consumers of electricity in Mirny district are Mirny (58%) and Udachny (23.5%).

A retrospective analysis for the past 5 years of the electricity consumption in the Lensky district of the WEZ shows that it has grown significantly (2.5 times), including growth for individual consumer groups. For utilities industry the growth was 3.3 times (due to with the transfer of housing from enterprises to the balance of municipalities), while the population and budgetary consumers experienced a decrease in consumption by 1.5-8.5%, respectively. Over this period, there was an increase in average electricity tariffs in the district (by 22%), including 75-77% increase for budgetary organizations and housing and communal services, 33% increase for the population, while average tariffs for other consumers decreased by 8% (table 8).

Table 8
Electricity consumption by consumer groups
in the Lensky district for 2012-2016

Source: Summary data compiled by the authors on the basis of information from
PJSC Yakutskenergo (Annual reports of PJSC "Yakutskenergo" for 2011 -2016)

The largest consumers of electricity in the Lensky district are the city of Lensk (87%) and the village of Vitim (5.8%).

In 2016, compared to 2012, total electricity consumption in the Olekminsky district of the WEZ increased by 110% due to utilities infrastructure (123%, due to transfer of housing stock from enterprises to the balance of municipalities), other consumers (106%), and population (137%), while budget consumers had a 17% reduction in consumption. Over this period, there was an increase in average electricity tariffs in the district by 61%, including 77% increase for budget organizations, 69% for utilities infrastructure, and 6% for the population (table 9).

Table 9
Electricity consumption by consumer
groups in Olekminsky district for 2012-2016

Compiled by the authors based on data of PJSC Yakutskenergo
(Annual reports of PJSC "Yakutskenergo" for 2011 -2016).

The largest consumer of electricity in the Olekminsky district is Olekminsk city (85.3%).

Analysis of the dynamics of electricity consumption in the Suntar district of ZEZ as a whole over the past 5 years shows that the volume of electricity consumption has increased significantly by 51%, including for certain groups of consumers: utilities growth index was 1.1 times (due to the transfer of housing from enterprises to the balance of municipalities), the population by 1.8 times, budget and other consumers, at the same time there was a reduction in consumption by 8-11%, respectively. During this period, there is an increase in average electricity tariffs in the whole district by 16%, including 77-78% - for utilities and budget organizations, 56% – for other consumers, 18% - for the population (table 10).

Table 10
Electricity consumption by consumer groups
in the Suntar district for 2012-2016

Source: Summary compiled by the authors based on the information of PJSC
"Yakutskenergo» (Annual reports of PJSC "Yakutskenergo" for 2011 -2016).

The largest consumer of electricity in the Suntarsky district is Suntar (46.5%).

The analysis of the dynamics of electricity consumption in the Nyurbinsky district of WEZ over the past 5 years shows that the electricity consumption increased significantly by 41%, mainly due to the growth of consumption by population for 85% in the same time, budgetary institutions consumption remained unchanged, and the indices of housing and utilities infrastructure (HUI) companies decline for 14% and other consumers for 9%. During this period, there is an increase in average electricity tariffs in the whole district by 16%, including 77-78% - for HUI companies and budget organizations, 56% – for other consumers, 3% - for the population (table 11).

Table 11
Electricity Consumption by consumer groups
in the Nyurbinsky district for 2012-2016