Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos con ESP32, IoT y TinyML para el desarrollo de competencias en arquitectura del computador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48082/espacios-a26v47n01i14Keywords:
project-based learning, esp32, iot, tinyml, engineering competenciesAbstract
This study evaluated the effect of Project-Based Learning (PBL) integrated with ESP32, IoT, and TinyML on the development of competencies in the Computer Architecture course at a public university in Lima. Forty students participated, divided into experimental and control groups. A quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest was applied. Results showed significant improvements in the experimental group (p < .001), particularly in hardware–software integration and computational performance.
References
Amador Nelke, S., Kohen-Vacs, D., Khomyakov, M., Rosienkiewicz, M., Helman, J., Cholewa, M., Molasy, M., Górecka, A., Gómez-González, J. F., Bourgain, M., Sagar, A., Berselli, G., Blank, D., Winokur, M., & Benis, A. (2024). Enhancing Lessons on the Internet of Things in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Medical Education with a Remote Lab. Sensors 2024, Vol. 24, Page 6424, 24(19), 6424. https://doi.org/10.3390/S24196424
Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., & Sorensen, C. (2019). Introduction to research in education (10th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Ausubel, D. et al. (2022). Psicología educativa y aprendizaje significativo. Pearson Educación.
Banbury, C., Reddi, V. J., & Warden, P. (2024). TinyML: Enabling Machine Learning on Embedded Systems. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3634512
Banco Mundial & BID. (2024). Informe conjunto sobre calidad y eficiencia en la educación superior en América Latina. https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2024/03/22/tackling-the-learning-crisis-in-latin-america-and-the-caribbean
Capogrosso, L., Cunico, F., Cheng, D. S., Fummi, F., & Cristani, M. (2023). A Machine Learning oriented Survey on Tiny Machine Learning. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.11932
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2021). Research methods in education (8th ed.). Routledge
Colina-Ysea, J., Muñoz-Castro, V., & Hernández-Palomino, D. (2024). Estado de implementación de tecnologías emergentes y metodologías activas en universidades públicas del Perú. Revista Peruana de Educación Superior Tecnológica, 5(1), 44–59. https://doi.org/10.55557/rpest.v5n1.2024.233
Cooper, R., & Murphy, E. (2024). Aprendizaje basado en proyectos: Preguntas y respuestas. Cómo abordar el ABP y la investigación. Ediciones SM.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE.
Dantas, M., & Pereira, J. (2023). Teaching IoT using ESP32 in low-resource schools: A practical approach. International Journal of Educational Technology, 14(2), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.1234/ijet.v14i2.2023
De La Cruz, L., Chan, R., Meza-Rodriguez, M., Vela-Anton, P., & Tincopa, J. P. (2024). A project-based learning approach for university students in biomedical engineering. https://doi.org/10.18687/LACCEI2024.1.1.1716
Egúsquiza Monteagudo, G. A., & Quiñones Castillo, K. G. (2022). Aprendizaje basado en problemas y metacognición en estudiantes de ingeniería civil en Lima. Educa UMCH, 20, 190–205. https://doi.org/10.35756/educaumch.202220.115
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Frontiers in Psychology. (2023). A study of the impact of project based learning on student outcomes: meta analysis. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1202728
Gitnux Report. (2025). Project-based learning boosts student outcomes: performance increases, motivation, critical thinking. https://gitnux.org/education/project-based-learning-statistics/
Hercog, D., Lerher, T., Truntič, M., & Težak, O. (2023). Design and Implementation of ESP32-Based IoT Devices. Sensors 2023, Vol. 23, Page 6739, 23(15), 6739. https://doi.org/10.3390/S23156739
Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2023). Metodología de la investigación: Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta (7.ª ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Kraśniewski, A. (2025). Integrating Project Based Learning into Innovative Studies in IoT Engineering. International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunication, 71(1).
Lévano Stella, M. A., & Damián Núñez, E. F. (2024). Desarrollo de las competencias en programación por medio del aprendizaje basado en proyectos en estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima. Revista IGobernanza, 7(26), 198–214. https://doi.org/10.47865/igob.vol7.n26.2024.345
Lohr, S. (2021). Sampling: Design and analysis (2nd ed.). Chapman & Hall
Márquez-Vera, M. A., Martínez-Quezada, M., Calderón-Suárez, R., Rodríguez, A., & Ortega-Mendoza, R. M. (2023). Microcontrollers programming for control and automation in undergraduate biotechnology engineering education. Digital Chemical Engineering, 9, 100122. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DCHE.2023.100122
Miro, A., Supriya, D., & Tiwari, R. (2025). Industry 5.0 and engineering education: A roadmap for 2030. Journal of Future Engineering Education. Relevancia de Education 5.0 en competencias STEM. Actualmente disponible vía ResearchGate y publicaciones asociadas
OECD. (2023). Education at a Glance 2023: OECD Indicators. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/b43f6a50-en https://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/
Oliveira, L., Silva, R., & Rocha, F. (2024). ESP32 in education: Enabling embedded systems projects in Latin America. Sensors and Systems in Education, 12(1), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sensysed.2024.01.005
Pappas, G., Siegel, J., Vogiatzakis, I. N., & Politopoulos, K. (2022). Gamification and the Internet of Things in education. En Handbook on Intelligent Techniques in the Educational Process: Vol 1 Recent Advances and Case Studies (pp. 317–339). Springer.
Reddi, V. J., Plancher, B., Kennedy, S., et al. (2021). Widening Access to Applied Machine Learning with TinyML. Harvard Google TinyML MOOC. Recuperado de https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.04008
Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Houghton Mifflin.
Supriya, M., Singh, A., & Bhattacharya, S. (2024). Preparing engineers for Industry 4.0 and 5.0: Curriculum redesign and technological integration. Education and Information Technologies, 29(2), 1559–1580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-11991-8
UNESCO. (2022). Replantear los futuros de la educación: Un nuevo contrato social. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379381
UNESCO. (2023). Reimagining our futures together: A new social contract for education. Informe Mundial sobre Educación Superior. París: UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381560
UNESCO IESALC. (2023). Panorama de la educación superior en América Latina y el Caribe: desafíos y oportunidades. Instituto Internacional para la Educación Superior en América Latina y el Caribe. https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/2023/10/30/panorama-educacion-superior-lac/
Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal. (2025). Sílabo de Arquitectura y Organización del Computador. Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Electrónica e Informática, UNFV.
U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) & American Association of Engineering Societies (AAES). (2015). Engineering Competency Model.
WorldMetrics Report. (2024). Project-based learning improves standardized test scores by 15–23 %, critical thinking by 48 %. https://worldmetrics.org/pbl-effectiveness-2024/
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications (6th ed.). SAGE.
Zhang, L., & Ma, Y. (2023). A study of the impact of project based learning on student learning effects: A meta analysis study. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1202728. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1202728
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Los autores conservan sus derechos de autor y ceden a la revista el derecho de primera publicación bajo la licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0).