Operacionalizando el emprendimiento: diseño y validación de un instrumento multidimensional para diagnosticar competencias en adolescentes

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48082/espacios-a26v47n02i15

Keywords:

competencias emprendedoras, educación secundaria, instrumento multidimensional, desarrollo emprendedor, creatividad e innovación

Abstract

El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y validar un instrumento para evaluar competencias emprendedoras en adolescentes del nivel secundario. Se empleó un diseño metodológico que incluyó tres fases: (a) construcción del instrumento a partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura; (b) validación de contenido mediante juicio de expertos para evaluar claridad, coherencia y pertinencia; y (c) aplicación piloto para determinar la consistencia interna del cuestionario, obteniendo un alfa de Cronbach global de 0.927 y coeficientes aceptables por dimensión.

References

Aiken, L. R. (1985). Three Coefficients for Analyzing the Reliability and Validity of Ratings. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45(1), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164485451012

Álvarez-Álvarez, S. (2024). Employability and entrepreneurship in the training of translators and interpreters: A proposal to develop the entrepreneurial skills of translation and interpreting graduates. Cadernos de Traducao, 44(Special Issue 1), 1-30. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2024.e95240

Azqueta, A., Núñez-Canal, M., Sanz-Ponce, R., & Montoro-Fernández, E. (2024). Evaluation of the impact of a training program for entrepreneurial potential in secondary school students. Estudios Sobre Educacion, 47, 201-225. https://doi.org/10.15581/004.47.009

Balgiu, B. A., Cotoară, D. M., & Simionescu-Panait, A. (2024). Validation of the Internet entrepreneurial self-efficacy scale among Romanian technical students. PLoS ONE, 19(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312929

Benavides-Sánchez, E. P., Moya-Clemente, I., & Ribes-Giner, G. (2025). Bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review of the relationship between sustainable development goals and sustainable entrepreneurship over time. Discover Sustainability, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00572-0

Bernal-Guerrero, A., Cárdenas-Gutiérrez, A. R., Domínguez-Quintero, A. M., & Martín-Gutiérrez, Á. (2024). Entrepreneurial Potential in Secondary School Students. An Exploratory Evaluation. Sage Open, 14(2), 21582440241256780. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241256780

Bernal-Guerrero, A., Cárdenas-Gutiérrez, A. R., & Montoro-Fernández, E. (2020). Basic business knowledge scale for secondary education students. Development and validation with Spanish teenagers. PloS One, 15(7), e0235681. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235681

Bujang, M. A., Omar, E. D., Foo, D. H. P., & Hon, Y. K. (2024). Sample size determination for conducting a pilot study to assess reliability of a questionnaire. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 49(1). https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e3

Cárdenas-Gutiérrez, A. R., Bernal-Guerrero, A., & Montoro-Fernández, E. (2021). Construction and validation of the Basic Scale of Entrepreneurial Competencies for the Secondary Education level. A study conducted in Spain. PLOS ONE, 16(4), e0249903. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249903

Diepolder, C. S., Huwer, J., & Weitzel, H. (2025). Effects of competence-based sustainable entrepreneurship education on secondary school students’ sustainable entrepreneurial intention. Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stae.2025.100103

EntreComp. (2016). EntreComp: El marco de competencias empresariales - Comisión Europea. https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/entrecomp-entrepreneurship-competence-framework_en

Galindo-Durán, A., Uribe-Toril, J., & Martínez-Hernández, F. (2025). Impact of Artistic Expression on the Development of Entrepreneurial Skills in Secondary Education. Education Sciences, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15020194

GEM. (2022). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. https://www.gemconsortium.org

Ho, C. S. M., Chiu, M. M., Chiu, S. W., & Liu, L. C. (2024). Development and validation of the adolescent’s entrepreneurial attributes inventory: A mixed-methods approach. The International Journal of Management Education, 22(3), 101033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101033

Ike, O. O., Okwuchukwu, E. I., & Eyisi, D. C. (2025). Enhancing economic sustainability through entrepreneurial alertness as a mediator between innovativeness, proactive personality, and entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students. Discover Psychology, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-025-00388-7

Iyamuremye, A., Twagilimana, I., & Niyonzima, F. N. (2025). Investigating the impact of using web-based discussion tools on students’ conceptual understanding and 21st century skills development in organic chemistry education. Discover Education, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00548-w

Khursheed, A., Mustafa, F., Fatima, M., & Rao, M. (2024). The practical challenges faced by young entrepreneurs: An empirical analysis. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 40(3), 553-568. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-12-2021-0255

Nahar, L., & Machado, C. (2025). Inquiry-based learning in Bangladesh: Insights into middle and high school students’ experiences and 21st century skill development. Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Science Education Research, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43031-025-00122-2

Norambuena, I., Quintano, F., Riquelme, L., Sepúlveda, J., Tavera, C., Pérez, S., Álvarez, C., & López, R. (2025). Psychometric study of the entrepreneurial intentions questionnaire in Mexican youth. Suma de Negocios, 16(34), 44-54. https://doi.org/10.14349/sumneg/2025.V16.N34.A5

ONU. (2023). Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible—ODS. Desarrollo Sostenible. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/es/education/

Otiniano León, M. Y., Ballesteros, M. A. A., Ramos Farroñán, E. V., Lezama, M. T. F., & Silva, J. M. D. (2024a). Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Key Competencies Determining Entrepreneurial Intention in Peruvian Secondary Students. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(20). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16209105

Otiniano León, M. Y., Ballesteros, M. A. A., Ramos Farroñán, E. V., Lezama, M. T. F., & Silva, J. M. D. (2024b). Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Key Competencies Determining Entrepreneurial Intention in Peruvian Secondary Students. Sustainability, 16(20), 9105. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16209105

Quintano-Méndez, F., Riquelme-Segura, L., Morales-Pizarro, J., Balmaceda-Gallardo, I., & Manríquez-Bravo, G. (2025). Entrepreneurial profile among Chilean higher education students. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Ninez y Juventud, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.11600/rlcsnj.22.3.5407

Rodríguez-Peña, A. (2025). Corporate entrepreneurship and the sustainable development goals: Exploring the connection. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-025-00481-0

Downloads

Published

2026-03-30